An Exciting New Project in the Works!

Before I move on to the next child of Moses Blumenfeld I, I have two other matters to write about. In my next post I will share some wonderful photographs that my cousin Robin shared with me. Robin, my fifth cousin, once removed, is descended from Abraham Blumenfeld and Geitel Katz through their son Moses I. More details to follow in the next post.

But today’s post is about some other amazing photographs. A couple of months ago I received an email out of the blue from an antiques dealer in Santa Fe named Peggy Gonzalez. Peggy had found me through my blog while looking for a descendant of John Nusbaum, my three times great-grandfather and my father’s namesake. Over thirty years ago at an estate sale, she had acquired a photograph album engraved with the name John Nusbaum on the front. She wanted to know whether I would be interested in buying the album.

At first I was skeptical. There are so many scams out there today. Anyone could have found my blog and made this up. But Peggy sounded honest, and she sent me these scans of the front and back of the album as well as a few representative photos. The back is engraved with “To F. Nusbaum.” My great-great-grandmother was John Nusbaum’s daughter Frances Nusbaum Seligman, and she had lived much of her adult life in Santa Fe with her husband Bernard, my great-great-grandfather. Peggy’s story seemed to be authentic.

 

I was extremely excited—as you might imagine. I’ve never seen a photograph of John Nusbaum or Frances, and here was a whole album of photos. Almost 200 photos. Thanks to the generosity of some of my Seligman/Nusbaum/Cohen relatives, I arranged to purchase the album. I also got extraordinary help from Mike Lord, our guide in Santa Fe from 2014 and a close friend of my cousin Pete. He acted as the middleman between Peggy and me, retrieving the album and giving Peggy my check and then sending me the album.

The album is now safely in my house, back in the hands of one of John Nusbaum’s descendants. I have retained the services of Ava Cohn, aka Sherlock Cohn, the Photogenealogist, and am now waiting in her queue for her to have time to devote to this project. I’ve scanned the front and back of all the photos. They are all studio photographs—cabinet photos, I think they are called. Small, but very clear. And they all have the names and addresses of the photographers on the reverse side. But only three have any identification of the people in the photograph.

There are photographs that were taken in several cities in Germany as well as all over the US: Philadelphia, New York, Santa Fe, Peoria, Lewistown (PA), and St. Louis. I am hoping that if Ava can provide dates for when they were taken and perhaps the ages of the people, I can then figure out who these people are.

I will wait to share the photos until after I have had the benefits of Ava’s help, but I wanted to share now my excitement about this. Stay tuned for more!

 

Friederike Blumenfeld Schoen, Part III: Her Son Moses Escapes to America

I have been unable to do any new research in these last few weeks since the horrendous massacre in Israel by Hamas on October 7. I just can’t seem to focus on research right now. Fortunately I had several blog posts ready in my queue and will publish those, including this one. Perhaps the best way I can support Israel right now is to educate and remind people about the long history of persecution of Jews and antisemitism so that they best understand why Israel exists and why it must survive.


Although Friederike’s oldest child Jakob died in 1937 and his widow and daughter were killed by the Nazis, her other three surviving children all managed to escape the Nazis.

Friederike’s son Moses, more commonly known as Moritz, wanted to leave Germany quite early. As described by his son Kurt Leopold Schoen in the oral history interview he did with the US Holocaust Memorial and Museum, Moritz had had a successful wholesale and retail shoe business in Kassel, but once the Nazis came to power the business suffered. Non-Jews boycotted the store, and Moritz had to close the business and work as a shoemaker.1

But leaving Germany was difficult. The family needed affidavits from someone in the US to get a visa to enter the country, and the relatives in the US were reluctant to sponsor a family with three young children. Fortunately, Moritz and Else’s fourteen-year-old daughter Alice was given an opportunity to leave when the National Council of the Jewish Women in the US organized a rescue mission that brought many children out of Germany.2 Alice came to the US on May 13, 1938, and was sent to live with a Jewish family in San Antonio, Texas, the Rosenbergs, as seen on the 1940 US census.3

Alice Schoen passenger manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957
Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957

The website for the Holocaust Memorial Museum of San Antonio reported that Abe and Bella Rosenberg “took [Alice] into their lives as if she were a long lost relative. The Rosenberg children, Miriam and Stanley, and a host of aunts, uncles, and cousins who treated her with affection and kindness made her adjustment to a new life easier.” In his oral history interview, Alice’s brother Kurt mentioned that the Rosenbergs were a very nice family, but nevertheless Alice was naturally very homesick.  She did not see her family again until 1940.4

But Alice was able to get help from the Rosenberg family to bring her father Moritz to the US from Germany. As reported on the website for the Holocaust Memorial Museum of San Antonio, they signed affidavits pledging financial support for him.

Once he had an affidavit from the Rosenbergs, Moritz was able to go to the US consulate in Germany and receive a visa. But before he could leave, he was arrested during the Kristallnacht riots in November, 1938. According to his son Kurt, Moritz was not sent to Buchenwald like so many other Jewish men were after Kristallnacht because he already had a visa to leave Germany. He was released within a day or two from police custody in Kassel and prepared to leave for the US.5

Moritz arrived on December 3, 1938, seven months after Alice’s arrival, and settled in New York City. His ship manifest lists his wife Else as the person he was leaving behind in Kassel, Germany, and his sister-in-law Betty Lutz (born Babette Freimark) as the person he was going to in the US. He listed his occupation as a shoemaker.6

Meanwhile, back in Germany, Else and her two young sons Manfred and Kurt moved to Frankfurt; the boys were sent to a Jewish orphanage and Else moved in with one of her sisters. Kurt described the orphanage as a place where he and his brother were well treated. They went to school and learned English. Finally in April 1939, they were released and reunited with their mother and allowed to leave Germany for the US. Kurt, who was eleven at the time, recalled that the Nazis tore through their luggage and stole everything Else had packed except one small teapot.7

Else arrived in New York with Manfred and Kurt (listed as Kurt Leopold Israel on the manifest) on May 19, 1939.

Else Schoen and children, passenger manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957
Ship or Roll Number: Deutschland, Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957

The family moved into a small apartment riddled with bed bugs; Moritz worked doing shoe repairs and barely made a living. But as Kurt said, they were happy to be out of Germany and safely living in New York. They moved frequently from one apartment to another in order to get the benefit of one or two free months of rent being offered by landlords. Manfred and Kurt started school where they quickly learned English and rose from the lower levels of their grade to the highest within a year.8

Alice was reunited with her parents and brothers sometime in 1940 when the Rosenberg family brought her to New York after taking a trip to Canada to see the Dionne Quintuplets. She married just three years later when she was nineteen, according to her brother Kurt.9 Her husband, Albert Bernhard Schwarz, was born on October 22, 1922, in Busenberg, Germany, to Alfred Lazarus Schwarz and Berta Levy. Like Alice, he was refugee from Germany; he had arrived on August 13, 1938.10 He was the only member of his family to survive. His parents and all his siblings were killed by the Nazis.11

Albert entered the US Army on March 26, 1943, listing his marital status as single.12 He and Alice must have married later that year. According to one biography of Albert, he was assigned to Camp Ritchie in Maryland and trained for military intelligence. As a Ritchie Boy, as they were known, Albert was trained to interrogate German prisoners of war. Starting in October 1944 he was with the 7th Armored Division of the II English Army in France and the northern part of Belgium. On November 5-6, 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge, Albert’s jeep hit a German mine near a bridge over the Meuse River. Albert suffered severe head injuries from which he suffered the rest of his life. He was in a coma for over a month in a English military hospital and remained there until February, 1945. He returned to the US in the spring of 1945, but was hospitalized until July. On Aug. 02, 1945, he was discharged from military service at Camp Edward, Massachusetts.13

Alice and Albert had three children born after the war. In 1950 they were living in New York City, and Albert was working as a butcher.14 Alice’s parents Moritz and Else Schoen and her brothers Manfred and Kurt (listed as Leo here) were also living in New York City. Moritz now owned his own shoemaking business. Manfred was an industrial engineer, and Leo/Kurt was a chemist in a cosmetics company.

Morris Schoen and family, 1950 US census, National Archives at Washington, DC; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Year: 1950; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: 3572; Page: 9; Enumeration District: 31-2294, Ancestry.com. 1950 United States Federal Census

Meanwhile, Moritz’s two remaining siblings had survived the war in Shanghai, China. More on that in my next post.


  1. Many of the personal details in this post came from Kurt Leopold Schoen’s interview with the USHMM. Kurt L. Schoen, July 24, 2004 interview, Accession Number: 1997.A.0441.512 | RG Number: RG-50.462.0512, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive, found at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn566135.  Although Kurt is listed as Leopold or Leo on many US records, he used the name Kurt for most of his adult life in the US and will be referred to here as Kurt for that reason. ↩
  2. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  3. Alice Schoen, 1940 US Census, Year: 1940; Census Place: San Antonio, Bexar, Texas; Roll: m-t0627-04201; Page: 61A; Enumeration District: 259-6, Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census ↩
  4. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  5. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  6. Moses Schoen, passenger manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957, Ship or Roll Number: Hamburg, Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 ↩
  7. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  8. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  9. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  10. Albert Schwarz, Declaration of Intention, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1/19/1842 – 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21, Description
    Description: (Roll 610) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 481301-482200), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 ↩
  11. Family history of Schwarz family, Arbeitskreis Judentum im Wasgau, Elisabeth & Otmar Weber, Schillerstraße 10b, 66994, found at /https://judentum-im-wasgau.de/images/geschichte/jugemeinden/jufbusenberg/02_schwarz_jakob_hauptstr_49_bu.pdf ↩
  12. Albert B Schwarz, Race White, Marital Status Single, without dependents (Single)
    Rank Private, Birth Year 1922, Nativity State or Country Danzig or Germany, Citizenship Not Yet a Citizen, Residence New York, New York, Education 2 years of high school
    Civil Occupation Stock clerks, Enlistment Date 26 Mar 1943, Enlistment Place New York City, New York, Service Number 32874464, Branch No branch assignment, Component Selectees (Enlisted Men), National Archives at College Park; College Park, Maryland, USA; Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, 1938-1946; NAID: 1263923; Record Group Title: Records of the National Archives and Records Administration, 1789-ca. 2007; Record Group: 64; Box Number: 05772; Reel: 241, Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938-1946 ↩
  13. See Note 11, supra. ↩
  14. Albert Schwarz and family, 1940 US census, National Archives at Washington, DC; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Year: 1950; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: 6203; Page: 6; Enumeration District: 31-1913, Ancestry.com. 1950 United States Federal Census ↩

Friederike Blumenfeld Schoen, Part I: Her Life and Her Children

In my telling of the Blumenfeld saga, I am now up to Friederike Blumenfeld, the eighth child of Isaac Blumenfeld I and his second wife Gelle Strauss. Friederike was born November 2, 1858, in Momberg. Since Isaac and Gelle’s ninth child, Sara, died as a young child, Friederike was the youngest of their children to survive to adulthood, and her story is the final chapter in the story of the family of Isaac Blumenfeld I.

Friederike Blumenfeld birth record, Geburtsregister der Juden von Momberg (Neustadt) 1850-1874 (HHStAW Abt. 365 Nr. 608)AutorHessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, WiesbadenErscheinungsjahr1850-1874, p. 5

Friederike married Mannes Schoen on January 28, 1884, in Niederurff, Germany. Mannes, the son of Wolf Schoen and Sarah Wallach, was born in Bischhausen, Germany, on May 14, 1852. Mannes was living in Niederurff at the time of their marriage.

Marriage of Friederike Blumenfeld and Mannes Schoen, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6193, Year Range: 1884
Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Friederike and Mannes had five children, four sons and one daughter.

First born was Jakob, born on January 22, 1885, in Niederurff.

Jakob Schoen birth record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6170, Year Range: 1885, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901

The only daughter, Auguste, was born in Niederurff on August 29, 1886.

Auguste Schoen birth record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6171, Year Range: 1886, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901

Friederike and Mannes’ third child Willy was born April 10, 1888, in Niederurff. Sadly, he died on July 16, 1895, when he was only seven years old.

Willy Schoen birth record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6173, Year Range: 1888, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901

Willy Schoen, death record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Bestand: 6246; Laufende Nummer: 920, Year Range: 1895, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958

Moses, the fourth child, was born in Niederurff on July 6, 1890.

Moses Schoen birth record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6175, Year Range: 1890, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901

And finally, the last child was Isaak, born June 25, 1893, also in Niederurff.

Isaak Schoen birth record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6178, Year Range: 1893, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901

Their father Mannes died on July 7, 1913, in Niederurff. He was 61 years old.

Mannes Schoen death record, Standesamt Niederurff Sterbenebenregister 1913 (HStAMR Best. 920 Nr. 6264)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortNiederurff, p 7

World War I started the following year when Jakob would have been 29, Moses 24, and Isaak 21. Although I have no military records to establish that the sons served in the war for Germany, Moses Schoen’s son Kurt stated in an interview with the United States Holocaust Memorial and Museum that his father had served in World War I and was awarded an Iron Cross.1 In addition, Richard Bloomfield located an obituary for Jakob Schoen that mentioned his membership in the Reichsbund Jüdischer
Frontsoldaten [National Association of Jewish Frontline Soldiers], indicating that he also served for Germany in World War I.2  Perhaps their brother Isaak also served, but I’ve yet to locate any evidence of his service.

None of the children married until after the war ended. Jakob was the first to marry. He married Maria Anna (later identified as Johanna or Hannah) Freimark on June 10, 1919, in Frankfurt. Maria Anna was born in Homburg am Main on October 3, 1888, to Leopold Freimark and Frieda Lustig.

Marriage record of Jakob Schoen and Maria Anna Freimark, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 903, Year Range: 1919, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Jakob and Maria Anna had one child, a daughter Ruth, born in Frankfurt on January 1, 1924.3 If there were other children, I’ve yet to locate records for them.

Jakob’s sister Auguste married Willi Speier on November 26, 1920, in Niederurff. Willi, son of Julius Speier and Jettchen Rosenbach, was born September 24, 1893, in Kassel, Germany.

Marriage record of Auguste Schoen and Willi Speier, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 6226, Year Range: 1917-1924, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Auguste and Willi had one child, a son Julius, born August 10, 1922, in Niederurff.4 As with Jakob, if there were other children born to Auguste and Willi, I’ve yet to locate records for them.

Moses (also known as Moritz) Schoen married Else Freimark on February 13, 1923, in Kassel, Germany. Moses and Else had three children. Alice was born on January 14, 1924, in Kassel. Manfred was born on September 13, 1926, in Kassel. And Leopold (later known as Kurt Leopold) was born on December 14, 1927, in Kassel.5

Trees on Ancestry and Geni and a genealogy that Richard Bloomfield located done by a local Homburg historian named Dr. Leonhard Scherg have Else listed with the same parents as Jakob’s wife Maria Anna Freimark, Leopold Freimark and Frieda Lustig, meaning Moses married his brother Jakob’s sister-in-law. But Richard and I have not yet found any primary sources to corroborate that with absolute certainty.

However, Richard and I feel confident that Else was in fact Maria Anna’s younger sister and the child of Leopold Freimark and Frieda Lustig based on a few inferences. First, Leopold Freimark died on October 18, 1926. In the oral history interview Else’s son Kurt did for the USHMM,6 he mentioned that his maternal grandfather died shortly before he was born. As noted above, Kurt was born December 14, 1927.

In addition, Else and Moses’ third child was named Kurt Leopold, and given that in accordance with Ashkenazi Jewish tradition a child should be named for a close relative who has died, it would make sense that Else would have wanted her new son named for her recently deceased father. Also, Else’s daughter Alice later named one of her children Frances, perhaps for her grandmother Frieda Lustig.

And finally, on Else’s petition for naturalization, one of her supporting witnesses was Betty Kutz.7 In addition, on his 1938 ship manifest Moses Schoen listed his sister-in-law Betty Kutz as the person he was going to in the US. Betty Kutz was born Babette Freimark and was a daughter of Leopold Freimark and Frieda Lustig; thus, Betty would have been Else’s older sister.8

Thus, there seems to be several good reasons to believe that Else Freimark, wife of Moses Schoen, and Maria Anna Freimark, wife of Jakob Schoen, were also sisters. An actual record would be wonderful, but for now I am comfortable with that assumption.

The youngest child of Friederike and Mannes, Isaak, did not marry as far as I’ve been able to discover.

Friederike Blumenfeld Schoen died on May 25, 1927. Richard not only located her death record, but also a page describing her gravestone.

Friedericke Blumenfeld Schoen death record, LAGIS Hessian Vital Records,Standesamt Treysa Sterbenebenregister 1927 (HStAMR Best. 920 Nr. 8076)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortTreysaErscheinungsjahr1927, p. 44

The German inscription on her gravestone says:

Hier ruht:

Franziska Schön

geb. Blumenfeld,

geb. 2. 11. 1856,

gest. 25. 5. 1927.

This translates to

Franziska Schön

born Blumenfeld,

born November 2, 1856

died May 25, 1927.

(The birth date is incorrect as she was born on November 2, 1858, and that error is noted in the commentary on the page.)

The Hebrew inscription translates as follows:

a dear and pure woman,

perfect all their days:

Freidche, daughter of Yitzchak ha-Kohen.

She went into her eternity (on) 23.

Ijjar 687 ndk Z. (=25.05.1927).

Your soul is bound in the bond of life.

Friederike was 68 years old when she died; her death record states that she died in the Hephata Hospital in Treysa.  She was survived by her four surviving children, Jakob, Auguste, Moses, and Isaak, their spouses, and at least five grandchildren. They all  had to face the rise of the Nazis in the following decade, as we will see.

TO BE CONTINUED


  1. Oral History interview with Kurt L. Schoen, July 24, 2002, Accession Number: 1997.A.0441.512 | RG Number: RG-50.462.0512, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive, found at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn566135 (hereinafter referred to as Kurt Schoen Oral History Interview). ↩
  2. Der Israelit, July 1, 1937, p. 11 ↩
  3. Entry at Yad Vashem, found at https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=11628404&ind=1 ↩
  4. Julius Speier, Social Security Number 079-24-2442, Birth Date 10 Aug 1922, Issue year Before 1951, Issue State New York, Last Residence 33162, Miami, Miami-Dade, Florida, USA, Death Date 22 Nov 1992, Social Security Administration; Washington D.C., USA; Social Security Death Index, Master File, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 ↩
  5. Moses Schon, Declaration of Intention, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1/19/1842 – 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21, Description
    Description: (Roll 555) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 433201-434100), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 ↩
  6. See Note 1, supra. ↩
  7. Else Schoen, Petition for Naturalization,  “New York, U.S. District Court Naturalization Records, 1824-1991”, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP76-DQ6K : 8 March 2021), Else Schoen or Freimark, 1940. ↩
  8. Moses Schoen, passenger manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957, Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957. See also marriage record for Betty Freimark and Bernhard Kutz, “New York, New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1938”, database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:243L-8BP : 20 June 2023), Bernhardt Kutz and Betty Freimark, 1912. ↩

Genealogy Fun: How My Friend and I Discovered We Have Mutual Cousins

One of the first people I ever met who did genealogy research is my friend Amanda Katz Jermyn. I met Amanda through mutual friends over thirty years ago, and we have been members of the same small havurah group for many years now. When Amanda long ago described her genealogy research and the connections and stories she had found, I was amazed. She helped to inspire me to start my own journey.

Amanda and I both have paternal ancestry from Germany, and over the years we’ve wondered whether we would ever find an overlap in our German Jewish ancestry. Well, I finally found one, although it is very attenuated and only by marriage. Nevertheless it was fun to find this connection.1 Here’s the story of my third cousin, twice removed, Moritz Rosenberg, and his wife Berta Blum, Amanda’s third cousin, once removed.

As we saw in my earlier post, Moritz, the third child of Rebecca Blumenfeld and Mendel Rosenberg, was born on September 15, 1887, in Rosenthal, Germany, and married Berta Blum on August 10, 1919, in Frankenau, Germany. Berta was born on September 5, 1896, in Frankenau to Elias Blum and Amalie Katz.

Marriage of Moritz Rosenberg and Berta Blum, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Signatur: 3254, Year Range: 1919, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Moritz and Berta had two children, Jacob (later Theodore), born on January 17, 1921,2 and Rebecca (later Ruth), born on January 4, 1925, both in Rosenthal, Germany.3

Moritz and his family were among the very fortunate ones who all were able to escape safely from Nazi Germany. Moritz, Berta, and their 13-year-old daughter Rebecca arrived in New York on September 15, 1938. Moritz listed his occupation as a butcher. Berta’s cousin Herman Blum was listed as the person they knew in the US.4

It took me longer to find out when Jacob arrived in the US because I was searching for him as Jacob, as that is how he was listed on Moritz’s naturalization petition. But the 1940 census has him identified as Theodore (and Rebecca as Ruth),5 and that gave me the necessary clue to find Jacob a/k/a Theodore’s naturalization petition. He arrived in the US as a 16-year-old on May 15, 1937. And on his 1942 petition he used his newly adopted name, Theodore.

Moritz Rosenberg, Declaration of Intention, (Roll 548) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 426401-427400), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943

Theodore Jack Rosenberg a/k/a Jakob Teo Rosenberg, Declaration of Intention, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1/19/1842 – 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21, Description: (Roll 561) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 438701-439600), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943

The date of his arrival helped me locate Theodore’s ship manifest, where he identified his father as the person he was leaving behind, and his uncle, Herman Blum, as the person he was going to in the US. He is identified as Teo Rosenberg. (See the last line on the image below.)

Teo Rosenberg, ship manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957, Ship or Roll Number: Manhattan, Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957

In 1940, Moritz, Berta, and both of their children were living in New York City. Moritz and Berta were both working as salespeople for a wholesale dress business, and Theodore was a handyman for a venetian blinds company. They also had four lodgers living with them.

Moritz Rosenberg and family, 1940 US Census, Year: 1940; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: m-t0627-02670; Page: 1A; Enumeration District: 31-1885, Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census

But while I was searching for information about Theodore/Jacob, I found Moritz and Berta and their children on an Ancestry family tree called the 2020 Jermyn Tree, owned by someone with a memorable name, James Bond. I might have thought that that name was a pseudonym, but fortunately I knew that my friend Amanda had a distant cousin with that name. So seeing the title with her surname and the name of the owner, I assumed there had to be some connection between my relative Moritz Rosenberg and his family and my friend Amanda.

Although Amanda’s name wasn’t revealed on the tree since she is still living, I knew her parents’ names, and they were on the tree. The connection appeared to be through Moritz Rosenberg’s wife Berta Blum, whose mother was Amalie Katz, but I couldn’t quite sort out how Robert Katz, Amanda’s father, was related to Amalie Katz.

I contacted Amanda, and she confirmed the connection and said that Berta Blum was in fact her relative—her third cousin, once removed, through Berta’s mother Amalie Katz and Amanda’s father Robert Katz. Even better, Amanda had been in touch with Moritz and Berta’s daughter Ruth (born Rebecca) and was able to provide me with more information about Ruth and her brother Theodore and their children.

For example, Amanda shared that Ruth had told her that her brother Theodore had enlisted in the US Army in the intelligence division and that the army had him change his surname from Rosenberg to Rogers since he was being sent to Germany. This helped me locate Theodore’s draft registration, which I had had trouble locating when searching for Theodore Rosenberg.

Theodore registered for the draft on February 15, 1942, and was still working for the venetian blinds company at that time. As you can see, he crossed out Rosenberg on his draft registration and inserted Rogers as his surname.

Theodore Rosenberg/Rogers, World War II draft registration, National Archives at St. Louis; St. Louis, Missouri; Wwii Draft Registration Cards For New York City, 10/16/1940 – 03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147, Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947

Ruth Rosenberg married Henry Hammer (born Hammerschlag) after the war; their New York City marriage license is dated June 12, 1945.6 Henry was born on March 29, 1919, in Giessen, Germany.7 In 1950, Ruth and Henry were living in New York City, and Henry was working as a salesman for wholesale dry goods company. Ruth and Henry would have two children.8

Meanwhile, in 1950, Moritz, Berta, and Theodore were living together (along with Berta’s mother Amalie Blum) in New York City. Moritz and Berta now were in the wholesale liquor business together, and Theodore was continuing to sell venetian blinds.

National Archives at Washington, DC; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Year: 1950; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: 4547; Page: 3; Enumeration District: 31-1731, Ancestry.com. 1950 United States Federal Census

Theodore didn’t marry until 1960 when he was 39 years old.9 His wife was Sylvia Kapp (originally Kappenmacher), born on February 20, 1938, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, to Willi Kappenmacher and Erna Wolf. Sylvia and her parents had immigrated to the US on June 8, 1946,10 and were living in New York City in 1950. Theodore and Sylvia had two children born in the 1960s.

Sadly, those children lost their father when they were very young as Theodore died on November 13, 1971, at the age of fifty.11 He was survived not only by his wife and children, but also by both of his parents and his sister Ruth and her family.

Fortunately, Theodore’s father and especially his mother and sister were graced with very long lives. Moritz Rosenberg died on September 22, 1976, five years after his son. He had turned 89 years old just a week before.12

Berta Blum Rosenberg achieved a remarkable distinction—living to 112 years and becoming the oldest living Jewish person in the world at that time, as reported in her obituary in the January 30, 2009, Hackensack (NJ) Record:

Berta Blum Rosenberg obit

The Record Hackensack, New Jersey • Fri, Jan 30, 2009 Page L6

Berta died on January 28, 2009, in New York.13 She was survived by her daughter Ruth and her grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Her daughter Ruth also lived a long life. She died on March 8, 2021, at the age in 96; her husband Henry Hammer had predeceased her by many years, having passed away on May 17, 1986, at the age of 67.14 Ruth was survived by her children and grandchildren as well as the children and grandchildren of her brother Theodore.

Those children and grandchildren of Ruth and Theodore create a link between my friend Amanda and myself. They are our mutual cousins—the descendants of my cousin, Moritz Rosenberg, and Amanda’s cousin, Berta Blum.

Isn’t genealogy fun?


  1. Amanda also shares some DNA with my husband, but given the different ancestral homes of each of them and the very small amount of DNA shared, it is likely just endogamy. ↩
  2. Theodore Jack Rosenberg a/k/a Jakob Teo Rosenberg, Declaration of Intention, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1/19/1842 – 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21, Description: (Roll 561) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 438701-439600), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 ↩
  3. Moritz Rosenberg, Declaration of Intention, (Roll 548) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 426401-427400), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 ↩
  4. Ibid. ↩
  5. Moritz Rosenberg and family, 1940 US Census, Year: 1940; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: m-t0627-02670; Page: 1A; Enumeration District: 31-1885, Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census. See image below. ↩
  6. Ruth R Rosenberg, Gender Female, Marriage License Date 12 Jun 1945
    Marriage License Place Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA, Spouse Henry M Hammer. License Number 14437, New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan; Volume Number: 21, Ancestry.com. New York, New York, U.S., Marriage License Indexes, 1907-2018 ↩
  7. Henry Hammerschlag World War II draft registration, National Archives at St. Louis; St. Louis, Missouri; Wwii Draft Registration Cards For New York City, 10/16/1940 – 03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147, Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 ↩
  8. Henry Hammer and family, 1950 US census, National Archives at Washington, DC; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Year: 1950; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: 4377; Page: 19; Enumeration District: 31-2183, Ancestry.com. 1950 United States Federal Census ↩
  9. Theodore Rogers, Gender Male, Marriage License Date 1960, Marriage License Place Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA, Spouse Sylvia Kapp, License Number 11021, New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan, Ancestry.com. New York, New York, U.S., Marriage License Indexes, 1907-2018 ↩
  10. Kappenmacher, ship manifest, The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at and Departing from Ogdensburg, New York, 5/27/1948 – 11/28/1972; Microfilm Serial or NAID: T715, 1897-1957, Ship or Roll Number: Marine Tiger, Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957.  Erna Kapp, SSACI, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007. ↩
  11. Theodore Rogers, Birth Date 17 Jan 1921, Death Date 13 Nov 1971, SSN 116105571, Enlistment Branch ARMY, Enlistment Date 3 Mar 1943, Discharge Date 23 Dec 1945, Ancestry.com. U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010 ↩
  12. Moritz Rosenberg, SSDI, Social Security Administration; Washington D.C., USA; Social Security Death Index, Master File, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014. Headstone at Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/36414768/moritz-rosenberg: accessed 07 August 2023), memorial page for Moritz Rosenberg (15 Sep 1887–Sep 1976), Find a Grave Memorial ID 36414768, citing Cedar Park Cemetery, Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, USA; Maintained by dalya d (contributor 46972551). ↩
  13. Berta Rosenberg, SSDI, Social Security Administration; Washington D.C., USA; Social Security Death Index, Master File, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 ↩
  14. Henry Hammer, Age 67, Birth Date 29 Mar 1919, Death Date 17 May 1986
    Death Place North Bergen, Hudson, New Jersey, USA, New Jersey State Archives; Trenton, New Jersey; New Jersey, Death Indexes, 1904-2000, Ancestry.com. New Jersey, U.S., Death Index, 1848-1878, 1901-2017 ↩

Blanka Rosenberg and Hugo Blumenfeld, Or How I Learned I’d Made An Error

Searching for information about Blanka Rosenberg, the first child born to Rebecca Blumenfeld and Mendel Rosenberg, revealed a mistake and a gap in my earlier research, and I am indebted to my cousin Richard Bloomfield for helping me to correct that mistake and find accurate information about Blanka and her family.

So let me take you down my crooked path. When I started searching for information about Blanka, I easily found her birth and death records on Ancestry.  I knew it was the right death record because the birthdate and birth place matched Blanka, and I could see on that death record that Blanka had married someone named Blumenfeld.

Blanka Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1882 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9638)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortRosenthalErscheinungsjahr1882, p. 35

Blanka Rosenberg Blumenfeld death record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Bestand: 7389; Laufende Nummer: 923
Year Range: 1932, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958

But I could not find a marriage record for Blanka. I noticed that several Ancestry trees had her married to Hugo Blumenfeld—which I couldn’t decipher myself from the death record— but even with his full name, I couldn’t find a marriage record.

I had a Hugo Blumenfeld on my tree; he was the son of Abraham Blumenfeld III and Friedericke Rothschild and the grandson of Isaak Blumenfeld I and his first wife, Frommet Kugelmann. But when I’d researched that Hugo, I had concluded that he never married or had children. I now realized I might have been wrong if those Ancestry trees for Blanka Rosenberg were right.

But since I don’t trust the trees on Ancestry without corroboration with actual records or at least reliable secondary sources, I was reluctant to add Hugo Blumenfeld as Blanka Rosenberg’s husband. I turned to my cousin Richard Bloomfield for help, and he first pointed out that Blanka’s death record revealed that her husband’s name was in fact Hugo. This was another time that my struggles with reading the German script hampered the progress of my research.

So I was now persuaded that Blanka had married a man named Hugo Blumenfeld, but was it the same Hugo whom I had concluded had never married? And where was their marriage record? I had assumed that Blanka would have married in Rosenthal where her family lived since almost all the German Jewish marriages I’d researched took place where the bride’s family lived, but my search through the Hessen archives for Rosenthal did not turn up a marriage record.

Richard, however, located the marriage in the records for the town of Frankenau, which is fifteen miles from Rosenthal. They were married there on July 23, 1907.  And that record confirmed that Blanka was the daughter of Rebecca Blumenfeld and Mendel Rosenberg and that Hugo was the son of Abraham Blumenfeld III and Friedericke Rothschild.

Marriage of Hugo Blumenfeld and Blanka Rosenberg, Arcinsys Hessen Archives, HHStAW Fonds 365 No 175, p. 11

Blanka and Hugo were, of course, therefore related. They were both grandchildren of Isaak Blumenfeld I, but only half-first cousins since Hugo’s father Abraham III was Isaak’s son from his first marriage and Blanka’s mother Rebecca was Isaak’s daughter from his second marriage.

With Richard’s help, I was able to locate three children born to Blanka and Hugo, all born in Frankenau. Julius was born on March 7, 1908. Erwin Jacob was born on May 29, 1911, and Martin was born January 6, 1913 (all found on the same page in the Frankenau birth records).

Birth record of Julius Blumenfeld, Arcinsys Archives of Hessen, HHStAW Fonds 365 No 174, p. 25

Birth record of Erwin Jakob Blumenfeld, Arcinsys Archives of Hessen, HHStAW Fonds 365 No 174

Birth record of Martin Blumenfeld, Arcinsys Archives of Hessen, HHStAW Fonds 365 No 174

Blanka died before any of her sons were married. She was only fifty years old when she died on July 24, 1932, in Witzenhausen, Germany, which is about sixty miles northeast of Frankenau. From the death record (seen above), it appears that she and Hugo were living in Witzenhausen at the time of her death. According to a document Richard located, Hugo was teaching in a Jewish school there.1

Blanka’s middle son Erwin Jakob Rosenberg married Martha Schoendelen on September 21, 1938, in Hannover, Germany. Martha was born on June 17, 1915, in Krefeld, Germany. Erwin and Martha escaped from Nazi Germany and immigrated to the US on April 1, 1940.2

They settled in New York City where, at the time of the 1940 census, Erwin was looking for work as an auto mechanic.3 When he registered for the draft on October 16, 1940, he was working for A.E. Littman.

Irwin Jakob Blumenfeld, World War II draft registration, National Archives at St. Louis; St. Louis, Missouri; Wwii Draft Registration Cards For New York City, 10/16/1940 – 03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147. Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947

Erwin entered the US Army on June 25, 1943, and was stationed at Fort Meade in Maryland, where he petitioned for and was granted naturalization on December 15, 1943.

Erwin Jakob Blumenfeld Naturalization Petition, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pa; Petitions For Naturalization, 1903-1972; NAI Number: 654310; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21
Description: Petitions 24751-25075, Ancestry.com. Maryland, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1795-1931

In 1950, Erwin was working as a buyer for a wholesale clothing business, and he and Martha and their daughter were living in New York City.4 Erwin was 63 when he died on August 27, 1974.5 He was survived by his wife Martha, who died on November 6, 2006,6 and their daughter.

Blanka’s two other sons immigrated to Palestine/Israel in the 1930s. Julius arrived on August 23, 1934, and married Ettel Helfgott on March 26, 1940, in Haifa. On his naturalization application, Julius reported that his occupation was a well borer.

Julius Blumenfeld Palestine immigration file from the Israel State Archives, at https://www.archives.gov.il/en/

I don’t have an exact date for Martin’s arrival, but he married Carna Weinberg in Petah Tikvah on December 19, 1939, so must have arrived sometime before then. I have no further information about either Julius or Martin or their families at this point.

UPDATE! I now have some additional information about Julius. See my post here.

Martin Blumenfeld Palestine immigration file from the Israel State Archives, at https://www.archives.gov.il/en/

Although all three of his sons escaped from Nazi Germany in time, Hugo Blumenfeld himself was not as fortunate. He had remarried after Blanka died; his second wife was Frieda Stern, who was born on May 31, 1896, in Zimmersrode, Germany.7 I wrote back on February 8, 1922, that Hugo “was deported from Frankfurt to Theriesenstadt on August 14, 1942, and then to Auschwitz on October 16, 1944, where he was killed.” I did not know then that he was accompanied by his second wife Frieda and that she was also killed at Auschwitz.8 I also did not know that he was survived by three sons, all of whom had escaped from Nazi Germany.

I am so grateful to Richard Bloomfield for helping me not only to find information about our cousin Blanka Rosenberg, but also for helping me find information to correct and complete the story of our cousin Hugo Blumenfeld.

 


  1. Führer durch die Jüdische Gemeindeverwaltung und Wohlfahrtspflege in Deutschland 1932-1933, p. 180. (Guide to the Jewish Community Administration and Welfare in Germany 1932-1933). ↩
  2. Erwin Jakob Rosenberg, Declaration of Intention, The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1/19/1842 – 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Group Number: 21, Description: (Roll 648) Declarations of Intention For Citizenship, 1842-1959 (No 516701-517600), Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 ↩
  3. Erwin and Martha Blumenfeld, 1940 US census, Year: 1940; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: m-t0627-02641; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 31-763, Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census ↩
  4. Erwin Blumenfeld, 1950 US census, United States of America, Bureau of the Census; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United States, 1950; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790-2007; Record Group Number: 29; Residence Date: 1950; Home in 1950: New York, New York, New York; Roll: 4546; Sheet Number: 15; Enumeration District: 31-1703, Ancestry.com. 1950 United States Federal Census ↩
  5. Erwin Blumenfeld, Gender Male, Birth Date 29 May 1911, Death Date Aug 1974
    Claim Date 16 Sep 1974, SSN 093169515, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 ↩
  6. Martha Blumenfeld, Social Security Number 064-18-2853, Birth Date 27 Jun 1915
    Issue year Before 1951, Issue State New York, Last Residence 10034, New York, New York, New York, Death Date 6 Nov 2006, Social Security Administration; Washington D.C., USA; Social Security Death Index, Master File, Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 ↩
  7. Birth record of Frieda Stern, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 920; Laufende Nummer: 9534, Year Range: 1896, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901 ↩
  8. Entry at Yad Vashem for Frieda Stern Blumenfeld, found at  https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=11476884&ind=1 ↩

Rebecca Blumenfeld Rosenberg and Her Family, Part I

It’s been a really, really long time since I continued the story of the children of my four times great-grandparents Abraham Blumenfeld and Geitel Katz (other than with the updates about those I’d already discussed). I left off with the story of the ten children of the second child (Isaak Blumenfeld I) of the oldest child (Moses Blumenfeld I) of the six children of my four-times great-grandparents.

Here’s a chart showing where I am in reporting on the descendants of Abraham and Geitel. As you can see, I have a long, long way to go.

I am now up to Isaak Blumenfeld’s eighth child, Rebecca Blumenfeld, who was born on August 23, 1856, in Momberg Germany.

LAGIS Hessen Archives, Geburtsregister der Juden von Momberg (Neustadt) 1850-1874 (HHStAW Abt. 365 Nr. 608), p. 4

On August 9, 1881, she married Mendel Rosenberg, son of Jacob Rosenberg and Betti Kaufmann. Mendel was born in Rosenthal, Germany, on May 19, 1854, and was the uncle of Emanuel Rosenberg, who later married Katinka Blumenfeld, Rebecca’s niece (her brother Gerson II’s daughter).

Rebecca Blumenfeld and Mendel Rosenberg marriage record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 915; Laufende Nummer: 6491, Year Range: 1881, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Rebecca and Mendel had five children.

Blanka was born in Rosenthal on July 9, 1882.

Blanka Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1882 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9638)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortRosenthalErscheinungsjahr1882, p. 35

Joseph was born in Rosenthal on February 4, 1886.

Joseph Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1886 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9642)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortRosenthalErscheinungsjahr1886, p. 7

Moritz was born in Rosenthal on September 15, 1887.

Moritz Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1887 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9643), p. 40

Willi was born in Rosenthal on April 24, 1889.

Willi Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1889 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9645)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortRosenthalErscheinungsjahr1889, p. 17

And finally, Isaak was born in Rosenthal on June 15, 1892.

Isaak Rosenberg birth record, LAGIS Hessen Archives, Standesamt Rosenthal Geburtsnebenregister 1892 (HStAMR Best. 922 Nr. 9648)AutorHessisches Staatsarchiv MarburgErscheinungsortRosenthalErscheinungsjahr1892, p. 32

For now I will just identify the spouses of those children and their marriage dates, and then I will return to their stories in subsequent posts.

Blanka married Hugo Blumenfeld on July 23, 1907, in Frankenau, Germany.

Marriage of Hugo Blumenfeld and Blanka Rosenberg, Arcinsys Hessen Archives, HHStAW Fonds 365 No 175, p. 11

Joseph married Bella Oppenheim on February 21, 1913, in Bad Hersfeld, Germany. They had one child, a son Kurt, born on April 20, 1914, in Sobernheim, Germany,1 a town in the Rhine Palatinate region of Germany about 160-170 miles from Bad Hersfeld and Momberg where Bella and Joseph were born, respectively.

Marriage of Joseph Rosenberg and Bella Oppenheim, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 907, Year Range: 1913, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

Unfortunately, Rebecca and Mendel’s family then had two losses over the next two and a half years. Willi Rosenberg was only 25 when he died on December 31, 1914. I wondered whether he was killed fighting for Germany in World War I, but I’ve found no record indicating that that was the case.

Willi Rosenberg death record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Signatur: 9757
Source Information
Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958

A year and a half later Rebecca Blumenfeld Rosenberg died in Rosenthal on June 6, 1915. She was 58 years old.

Rebecca Blumenfeld death record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Signatur: 9757, Year Range: 1915, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958

Her son Moritz married Berta Blum on August 10, 1919, in Frankenau.

Marriage of Moritz Rosenberg and Berta Blum, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Signatur: 3254, Year Range: 1919, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

And then the family suffered another tragic loss when Joseph Rosenberg, the second oldest sibling, died at the age of 36 on May 4, 1922, as seen on his headstone below. Thank you to my cousin Michael Rosenberg for locating this image. According to the headstone, Joseph was a doctor.

Joseph was survived by his wife Bella Oppenheim and their son Kurt. More on their story in a post to come.

Finally, Isaac Rosenberg, the youngest child of Rebecca Blumenfeld and Mendel Rosenberg, married Bella Gans on December 22, 1922, in Niederaula, Germany.

saak Rosenberg marriage to Bella Gans, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Bestand: 907; Laufende Nummer: 3665, Year Range: 1922, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930

When I look at the names of the daughter and the three daughters-in-law of Rebecca and Mendel—Blanka, Bella, Berta, and Bella—I have to wonder how confusing it must have been when they were all together. I can hear my mother-in-law running through the four names repeatedly before reaching the right one! (Click on the image immediately above to see the names of Rebecca’s family more clearly.)

Mendel Rosenberg died on December 22, 1928, in Marburg. He was 74 and was survived by three of his five children and, as we will see, many grandchildren.

Mendel Rosenberg death record, Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Bestand: 5732; Laufende Nummer: 915, Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958


  1. Kurt Rosenberg, World War II draft registration, National Archives at St. Louis; St. Louis, Missouri; Wwii Draft Registration Cards For New York City, 10/16/1940 – 03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147, Ancestry.com. U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 ↩

Good for A Single Journey by Helen Joyce: A Review of A Wonderful New Book and An Interview with the Author

Today I have the great pleasure of sharing my virtual interview with author Helen Joyce. She has recently published a family history novel titled Good for A Single Journey, a moving and beautifully written telling of her maternal family’s story. Joyce’s great-grandparents were living in a small town in what was then Galicia in Eastern Europe in the early 20th century when oppression and poverty forced them to relocate to Vienna, where they hoped to have greater freedom and economic security. And they did find great success there. But like so many Jewish families, they eventually suffered from the horrors of the Holocaust. Although many, including Joyce’s mother, survived, many others were murdered, and all suffered from persecution and financial loss. And those who survived were once again forced to relocate and start all over in a new country.

Joyce has combined what she learned from her mother and other relatives with historical research to create a fascinating and illuminating look at the history of this era and its effect on one Jewish family. The book is a mix of fact and fiction, some parts totally created from her imagination and other parts entirely based on fact. The book reads like a novel. She has created wonderful three-dimensional characters, each with distinctive and memorable personalities and stories. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in history and in Jewish history in particular. It is appropriate for young adults as well as adults and available for purchase on Amazon and Barnes & Noble here.

Good for a Single Journey has received a finalist’s award in the 2023 Next Generation Indie Book Awards and has also received a highly favorable review from Neville Teller in the June 12, 2023, issue of The Jerusalem Report. You can also learn more about Helen Joyce and her book at her website found here.  And in the interest of full disclosure, I should reveal that she is my fifth cousin on her paternal side; we are both descended from Jacob Falcke Goldschmidt and Eva Seligmann, our mutual four-times great-grandparents.

And now, let me introduce you to Helen Joyce and her wonderful book, Good for a Single Journey..

Thank you so much for agreeing to do this interview with me and to share more about your book, Good for a Single Journey.  Have you ever written a book or other fiction/non-fiction before?

No! I have written the odd article, contributed a chapter to two each of two academic books, and edited a community magazine which often entailed tightening the contributions of others. Otherwise, no formal writing experience.

So what made you decide to write this book at this time?

Old age! I always wanted to write an account of my mother’s life and never found the right time. Work, kids, and life in general always interfered. That and the self-defeating belief that the project was beyond me; that I was deluding myself if I thought I could write an account/memoir/novel of the type I imagined would do justice to her story. Finally, the reality of the fact that I was not getting any younger and triggered by taking our youngest granddaughter on a trip to Vienna where we visited my mother’s birthplace proved to be the catalyst for getting to work.

The author’s parents Max and Klari. Courtesy of Helen Joyce

I really enjoyed reading the book, and it reads like fiction. But I know that the book is based on the real lives of your parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents as well as many aunts, uncles, and cousins. How much of the book is fictionalized and how much is non-fiction?

It would take a long time to unravel fact from fiction but basically, I knew the ‘bare bones’ of the stories of all the characters. In the case of the two brothers, Chiel and Beresh, I knew very little indeed beyond the fact that they made Aliyah to pre-State Israel long around WWI. Therefore, I invented their adventures. I gave them experiences and put them in situations which were factually correct and allowed some of the history of the early Yishuv to come to light. I knew a little about Peppi, my grandmother’s sister, and of course the story of Suzanne became legendary!

Zissel, my other great-uncle, was a closed book to me until I unlocked the memoir of his son Yitzchak. That gave me the details of not only his travels across Europe and today’s Ukraine before reaching the shores of British mandate Palestine, but also revealed the entire saga of his grandparents’ (my great grandparents’) flight from Rozwadów to Ukraine and onwards to Siberia. I knew a great deal about my grandparents from my mother’s tales and, again through her, background details about day-to-day life in Vienna and the market town of Rozwadów, which she visited frequently on trips to her grandparents. The rags to riches story of my grandfather is true. Accounts of the flight from Vienna, the period in Prague, my mother’s experiences in London are also from my mother’s various shared memories.

My independent sources of research (apart from the internet and the cousin’s memoir which I mentioned) were my mother’s diaries and a stash of family letters collated and self-printed by my late uncle which charted the agony of desperation and fear as various members of the family tried to help and find ways to get those still trapped in Europe out. Obviously the most fictionalized accounts are those of the imagined conversations and emotions displayed by the various characters. The best I could do was to try and imagine I was them and put myself in their place at that time. What would I feel? How would I react?

How did you decide where to create fictional elements versus non-fiction?

Honestly, I don’t know! It just sort of flowed seamlessly. I wove elements of drama and fiction around the basic facts I knew. For example, I needed to get the two brothers from Vienna to Palestine during WWI. How would they have gone? What might they have done? WWI was raging so I thought it would be interesting to place them into an Austro-Hungarian unit which ended up in Palestine. When I started researching that possibility, I learned a great deal about the involvement of Jewish soldiers in the army, the unit I put them in was a real one (as was the officer which commanded it). The facts surrounding Aaron Aaronsohn, NILI, and their role in helping the British defeat the Ottomans in
Palestine and how these contributed to the fact of the Balfour Declaration was too good an opportunity to miss including. So, I did! Throughout the book I also wanted to give the lie to the myth that Jews were passive, never fought in armies and were pale scholars led to slaughter like sheep. Jews fought bravely (on all sides) in every theatre of war.

How did you research the parts of the book that are fact-based?

I read several books on WWI, biographies about Aaron Aaronsohn and NILI as well as books about the history of the Middle East. My mother’s cousin’s memoir was also very helpful. The internet is also a phenomenal resource. What was the weather like in Gallipoli in November 1915 – click. What train routes were available on the Chemins de fer Orientaux during WWI – click! What date was Rosh Hashanah in 1914 – click. All there in your hand-held mobile phone!

Your book begins with your great-grandparents leaving Rozwadów. Why did you decide to begin there?

The book begins with a train journey, the journey of my great grandparents fleeing their hometown in Galicia. I decided to start with that train ride as it gave me the opportunity to introduce all the main characters as well as a major theme of the book. Migration and journeys. The entire book is about the journey of individuals, families, and the Jewish people. Trains feature quite prominently. That opening train ride. Greetings and goodbyes at train stations. The brothers’ train ride to war and onwards to Palestine. The train ride carrying my great grandparents and their youngest son to Siberia. The train ride my mother took to Scotland to meet her brother serving in the Jewish Brigade of the British army and of course the final horrific train rides to the death camps.

You include some living people and some recently deceased people in the book. How did you approach the issues of privacy with respect to those people? Were there things you had to change or avoid to protect the interests of your family?

Yes, absolutely. A lot was excluded! However, in discussion with as many of my cousins as I could track down, I realized they were quite happy for me to give details of their stories. I offered each of them drafts so they could check they were happy with what I had written. However, as nearly all the family descendants live in Israel, many of them do not read in English. That said, they were quite happy to know I had written some account and did not mind if it was fictionalized. The Israeli branch is very easy going! I gave my sister an early draft and she enjoyed the first half but did have some comments and suggestions about the second half of the book. I have tried to accommodate her feelings on this but, ultimately, we agreed that the book was a fictionalized novel.

Your family endured many of the challenges and horrors faced by many Jewish families in the 20th century: immigration to new countries (several times), World War I, and Nazi persecution and the Holocaust. What impact do you think that history has had on you and the other living descendants of your great-grandparents?

It’s hard to speak about this in general. The impact is surely quite different for each family and on each individual. For me, knowing what previous generations lived and died for made me want to cling to a Jewish lifestyle replete with the traditions that Hitler tried so hard to erase. I didn’t want to give Hitler any kind of posthumous victory and so I have tried to raise a Jewishly faithful family. Beyond that? I guess a sense of the importance of justice and the need to respect equality of all people regardless of gender, race, or religion.

You ultimately decided to leave England and make Aliyah to Israel. What in your family history contributed to that decision? Have you made connections to the cousins who were refugees to Israel during the Nazi era?

Many factors contributed to that decision. My husband comes from a very ‘English’ Jewish family but his mother, eldest of ten, was the only child left in the UK after the creation of the State of Israel. The rest were all pioneers in Israel (although two had died before that was possible). So, he already has a huge network of family here. Our son made Aliyah twenty years ago and was raising his children here and of course we wanted to be close to them. We have a daughter with special needs and she made Aliyah with us – we couldn’t contemplate leaving her behind and she is so very happy here with excellent care. Our youngest child followed us five years ago and so, to our delight, all our children and grandchildren are here. Yes, I have contact with some of my many cousins, but they are numerous and spread out so we do not meet that often although I do meet my first cousins more frequently.

Your book has many themes and covers many topics: different ways to practice Judaism, antisemitism, Zionism, mental health, marriage, parental love, and so on. Was there a specific point or theme that mattered most to you?

They all mattered and, in a way, I suppose several of them nestle into each other like a set of Russian matryoshka dolls! Parental love leads to stability and contributes to the type of marriage partnership one is likely to create as does a strong sense of community and belonging. Antisemitism and Zionism also have a kind of Yin and Yang partnership! If I had to choose one (you didn’t ask me that!) maybe I would say resilience and survival!

Who did you see as the audience for your book? Your own family and descendants? Young adults? Jewish readers? The entire universe of adult readers?

The entire universe! My family and their descendants were not really the target audience. Had they been, the book would have been far more factual and memoir-based. I hoped it would appeal to young adults and prove educational and am being told that teenagers are totally gripped by the story – which, given the amount of history in it – is great! However, I would dearly love the non-Jewish world to gain insight about a Jewish way of life, the history of persecution and the holocaust but also the historical underpinnings of the State of Israel under international law which was brought about together with the dismantling of previous empires. If Israel is to be accused of being a ‘colonialist enterprise’ then equally so is Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Not to mention the many ‘new’ European countries created in the wake of WWI. Without understanding the impact of WWI, nothing about the modern world makes sense (including current events in Ukraine!)

This book focused on your maternal family. Do you plan to write a book about your paternal side?

Yes! And your blog will be a fantastic resource for me!!! However, marketing this book is taking up a lot of time at the moment. I have been invited to take part in Jewish Book Week School Events for schools around the UK which is fantastic. Events can be online so I can do them from here. This is really part of my dream – to bring the reality of the Jewish experience to a wider audience.

The author, Helen Joyce. Courtesy of Helen Joyce

Thank you again for taking the time to answer my questions, and I look forward to reading your next book and hope that my research will be helpful to you! Best of luck in your marketing efforts—your book deserves a wide and large audience.

 

How Eugene Goldsmith Met May Jacobs

Over four and a half years ago, I wrote about Eugene Goldsmith, my great-grandmother Hilda Katzenstein Schoenthal’s first cousin.

Eugene was born in 1859 and had lived with his parents, Meyer Goldschmidt/Goldsmith and Helene Hohenfels, and his brother Maurice all his life, first growing up in Philadelphia and then in New York City. Then in 1913 at the age of 54, he married May Jacobs, who was 41.

One of the questions I had about Eugene was how he met his wife May Jacobs. I wrote then:

In 1913, Eugene married May Jacobs in Philadelphia. He was 54, she was 41. May was the daughter of Michael Jacobs and Alice Arnold, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania. May’s father died when she was just a young child, and she and her three sisters were all living together with their mother in Philadelphia in 1910. I’d love to know how May connected with Eugene, who had by that time been living in New York City for over twenty years.

Well, four and a half years after posting that question, I heard from a cousin of May Jacobs, and she may have found the answer. Lynn Hsu wrote to me on the blog that she was the great-granddaughter of Oscar Arnold, who was a first cousin of May Jacobs. Lynn wrote that Oscar was in the business of manufacturing umbrellas in New York City, and since Eugene and his brother Maurice were in the business of selling umbrellas in New York City, we hypothesized that Eugene knew Oscar from business and that Oscar set up Eugene with his cousin May, who was living in Philadelphia.

But Lynn actually had found several other hints that suggested that there were numerous earlier connections between her Arnold/Jacobs cousins and my Goldsmith cousins. On August 5, 1892, the Philadelphia Jewish Exponent reported that May Jacobs was on the same Atlantic City sailing party as Rose and Florence Goldsmith, the two younger sisters of Eugene Goldsmith. So as early as 1892, some 21 years before Eugene married May, there was a meeting of May Jacobs and Eugene’s sisters Florence and Rose. Whether they had already known each other before the sailing trip isn’t clear, but certainly they did once that trip was over.

Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, August 5, 1892, p. 8

Also, three years before May married Eugene, she attended his mother’s funeral, as reported by the Philadelphia Jewish Exponent on March 4, 1910:

Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, March 4, 1910, p. 14

Why it took Eugene and May until 1913, when he was 54 and she was 41, to decide to get married will remain a mystery. My only hypothesis is that Eugene waited until both his parents had died before “striking out on his own.” His mother died in 1910, his father in 1911. And then Eugene married May in 1913. His brother Maurice never married.

There was one other unexpected bonus connection that I learned about as a result of connecting with Lynn. May Jacobs Goldsmith, the daughter of Alice Arnold Jacobs, was the niece of Clarissa Arnold, Alice’s sister. Clarissa was married to Ernst Nusbaum, younger brother of my three-times great-grandfather John Nusbaum, namesake of my grandfather John Nusbaum Cohen and my father John Nusbaum Cohen, Jr. I wrote about Clarissa and Ernst and their family here and in many other of the posts that follow that one.

So the tree continues to twist! And thanks to Lynn, I now know even more about the Goldsmith/Goldschmidt and Nusbaum families.

 

Back to the Blogosphere

It’s been over a month since I last posted on the blog—the longest break I’ve ever taken. But I really needed it.

But in the month I’ve been away from blogging (and pretty much away from the laptop), I’ve nevertheless learned a great deal related to my extended family tree. In these five weeks, I have heard from numerous new cousins who found me through the blog. So even while I was taking a break from new research, the blog has been doing its work, helping me find new cousins and new information.

So in the weeks to come I will introduce these new cousins and share the stories and photos and new information they’ve shared with me about their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents.  I have been moved by all of them and am so grateful that they’ve all reached out to me and made these connections.

Two sad notes. My cousin Henry Rosenberg died earlier this month at the age of 94. I had had a lovely conversation with Henry back in the fall, and he was engaged and warm and friendly and so willing to share his life story with me. I was shocked and saddened to learn that he had passed away. I wrote about Henry and my conversation with him here, here, and here. He was related to me through our mutual ancestors Abraham and Geitel Katz Blumenfeld, Henry through their son Moses and me through their daughter Breine.

Also, on November 27, 2022, my cousin Joan Lorch Staple passed away after living a remarkable life for more than 99 years. Joan was related to me through our mutual ancestors, Jacob Seligmann and Martha Mayer, she through their daughter Martha and me through their son Moritz, my three-times great-grandfather. I will share more about Joan’s remarkable life in my next post.

Losing these two wonderful cousins—both of whom were born in Germany in the 1920s and escaped from the Nazis with their families as young people, both of whom went on to live very long and productive lives—reminded me once again of the urgency of the task of finding cousins and learning their history before it is too late.

And so I return to blogging with a renewed commitment to tell the stories of those in my extended family tree.

See you next week!

Blumenfeld Cousins Hanukkah Zoom

Last Thursday I was fortunate to be able to Zoom with thirteen of my Blumenfeld cousins—Omri, Richard, Jim, Steven, Milton, Kenny, Alan, Debbie, Simeon, Simone, Matthew, Max, and Michael. Some members of the group had known others for their entire lives; others of us had never met in person or otherwise before the Zoom. Most of the group are my fifth cousins—we are all descended from Abraham Katz Blumenfeld and Geitel Katz, who lived in Momberg, Germany, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

We span the globe—Omri from Israel, Richard from Switzerland, and the rest of us from the eastern seaboard of the US from as far north as Maine all the way to Florida. We come from a range of backgrounds—some of us (like me) having roots in the US since the mid-19th century, many of us the children of Holocaust survivors, and three of us born outside the US, one in Israel, one in Canada, and one in Italy. Our religious backgrounds also range from Orthodox Judaism to Christianity. Almost all of us fall into the Baby Boomer generation.

Yet despite our differences, our commonalities far outweigh those differences. We were moved by Omri’s lighting of the Hanukkiah from Israel and our combined voices singing Maoz Tzur. We shared stories of our own lives and the lives of our parents and grandparents. We found much to talk about and to learn from each other, including family heirlooms and family history. For some, learning that they had cousins, albeit distant, was a wonderful revelation because their own family story had not been connected to the larger Blumenfeld family tree.

My only regret is that in the midst of all the warmth, laughter, and stories, I forgot to take a screenshot of all of us on Zoom together. You will have to use your imagination. But here at least is a chart showing the descendants of Abraham Blumenfeld and Geitel Katz to the sixth generation (for most of us, our parents’ generation). It’s quite remarkable to see just how many people one couple generated through their children, grandchildren, and so on.

Overall, it was a wonderful hour for me—to share with those I’ve found through my research (or who found me through my blog or through other cousins) is the best reward of doing family history research. It helps to keep me motivated to continue the search.

UPDATE! Both Omri and Matthew did capture a screenshot of at least part of the group, so I can add these to the post.

Thank you to all who joined in. And I hope all my cousins, friends, and readers had a happy and meaningful holiday, whichever one you celebrated, and I wish you all a new year filled with love, peace, light, and meaning.